THE PSYCHOLOGY enables to study the interior life of the writer and study his work with reference to it. The psychology has provided the critic with a more precise language with which to discuss the creative process. The reality of a work of literature rests on the three factors (1) Author’s psychology (2) Character’s psychology (3) Audience’s Psychology
Sigraund Freud’s conception of literature is negative. He viewed art as a”substitute gratification” or in other words” fulfilment of libidious desires”, the process of draining the negative emotions. Freud is precisely an empirical scientist.
But C.J.Jung, with his concept of “collective conscious¬ness” acknowledged the element of drama and mystical thinking in literature.
The psychological approach is not new because even Aristotle’s “Catharsis” implies the purification of negative emotions. Aristotle viewed tragedy as a therapeutic process.
Joyce’s “Ulysses” and Lawrence’s “Sons and Lovers” lend themselves to this approach. The notions of (Oedipus complex and fixation are found in “sons and lovers”.
Earnest Jones viewed Shakespeare’s ‘Hamlet’ with the world of psycho-analysis. In his essay “Hamlet and Oedipus” he says Hamlet delayed the killing of Claudius due to his seeing ‘his own self in his uncle.
The liberty concept of ‘Stream of consciousness’ which is fed by the literary output of Virginia Woolf rests strongly on the exploration of the “Sub-conscious”.
Kenneth Burke in his critical essay “The Poetic Process” says that the emotions are evoked only when an abstract and intellectual idea is concretised through conceptualisation. It can be either drama, or novel, or story, or film. But the process is the same.
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